Sequential Comparisons of Generalized Lorenz Curves for Different Demographics

Jenkins and Lambert (1993) and Chambaz and Maurin (1998) proposed extensions of the sequential generalized Lorenz dominance (SGL) criterion that was proposed by Atkinson and Bourguignon (1987): the extended version of SGL made it possible to compare distributions for different demographics. However, the tests to check the extended SGL “are not expressible in terms of generalized Lorenz curves” (Lambert 2001, p.79). In this paper, we show that the dominance condition can be easily checked by sequential comparisons of a modified version of the generalized Lorenz curve. We apply this procedure by comparing the income distributions of Italian households using data obtained from the Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW, Bank of Italy) from 2006 and 2012

The Circulation of Chinese Coins in Hokkaido and Sakhalin from the 15th Century onward

第3回AAWH （アジア世界史学会）報告集 : シンガポール・南洋理工大学2015年5月29～31日Project leader : Professor MOMOKI Shiro Graduate School of Letters, Osaka UniversityMigration, Trade and Exchange around the Peripheral East Asia研究者・教員・市民のための新しい歴史学入門（平成26-29年度科学研究費補助金・基盤研究（A）・課題番号26244034)研究代表者 桃木至朗（大阪大学大学院文学研究科教授）JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Scientific Research A : “ Creating new research guides to history for professional researchers, teachers and citizens ” Project No.26244034 for the fiscal years 2014-2017)Papers presented at the Third AA WH (Asian Association of World Historians) : Singapore: Nanyang Technological University, May 29-31, 201

Regional Disparities of Income, Environmental Quality and Medical Care in China : A Multidimensional Majorization Approach

How serious is the trade-off between economic growth and other social welfare indicators? In this paper, we investigate whether the recent extreme economic growth in China has improved social welfare when considering not only income but also the environment and medical care. We construct an analytical framework based on multidimensional majorization which allows us to evaluate welfare orderings based on multivariate attributes. For the period from 2006 to 2010, we investigate the welfare orderings of multivariate distributions of attributes compiled from city statistics in China. The result shows that social well-being in 2010 is better than 2006. However, pairs other than {2006, 2010} are not rankable. In particular, we find that pollution emissions are a bottleneck that hinders improving social welfare. On the other hand, recent changes in the distributions of GDP and of medical resources work toward improving social well-being

Extension of Generalized Lorenz Dominance Criterion to Multivariate Attributes

This paper considers an extension of generalized Lorenz dominance (GL) criterion to the case of multivariate attributes. Based on the uniform majorization of Kolm (1977), we propose an extended version of GL which we call uniform supermajorization which allows for attributes with different means. It is verified that uniform supermajorization has similar implications as uniform majorization for welfare ordering. Furthermore, we show that this criterion can be used for comparison of distributions of unequal populations. We also provide a procedure for empirical investigations which is in the standard form of linear programming problems

Characterizing the effect of income distribution on the voluntary provision of public goods

The impact of income distribution changes on the provision of public goods has attracted a great deal of attention in various theoretical, empirical, and experimental fields. Applying a notion based on stochastic order, we consider how the distribution of income affects the amount of voluntarily provided public goods. We show that increasing convex order characterizes the total supply of public goods when the preferences of households are identical. Even if there is heterogeneity among households, it is still possible to describe how the distribution of income increases the voluntary supply of public goods by using a modified notion of increasing convex order. We can readily confirm the properties shown here by comparing reverse generalized Lorenz curves or a modified version

Global Public Bads and Two Types of Policy Instruments

Global environmental problems, such as climate change and deforestation, are often referred to as "global public bads." In this paper, we investigate an international transfer of factor of production how international transfers of production factors either create or reduce public bads. We also study how welfare levels are affected when each government in the transfers adopts a non-cooperative policy to improve environmental quality. There are various ways to mitigate the negative externalities arising from public bads. Our study considers two types of policy instruments: environmental conservation and pollution abatement. In the former, the government restricts the use of resources employed during production. In the latter, the government produces the goods and services necessary to mitigate the negative effects induced by public bads. We show that the effects of transfers on welfare levels and on the amount of global public bads depend on the environmental policy that the government adopts. The second neutrality theorem by Shibata (2003) is particularly valid under the environmental conservation policy, while the possibility of the transfer paradox is not excluded under the pollution abatement policy